洪叔民
姓名 洪叔民
職稱 教授
系所單位 企業管理學系
電子郵件
聯絡電話 81033
研究專長 作業管理、供應鏈管理、電子商務
授課領域 作業管理、供應鏈管理、電子商務
年度 論文名稱
2022 Chih-Lun Wu;Shwu-Min Horng*, 2022.07, 'Social Commerce Intention, Social Interaction, and Social Support: Moderating Role of Social Anxiety, ' Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, Vol.34, No.1, pp.1-23.(SSCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 439905, Jul. 2022
2021 Chao, C-L*;洪叔民, 2021.06, 'CEO Succession, Audit Pricing, and Firm Value: The Role of Industry Knowledge, ' Review of Accounting and Auditing Studies, Vol.11, No.1, pp.69-102.(TSSCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 436529, Jun. 2021
2020 洪叔民*, 2020.12, 'How Does Social Identification Moderate the Repurchase Intention?: From the Perspect of OGB, ' Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, Vol.32, No.4, pp.1-25.(SSCI, SCIE)(*為通訊作者), vol. 422209, Dec. 2020
2020 C. Chao*;Shwu-Min Horng, 2020.08, 'The Effects of Relaxing the Reconciliation Requirement in Foreign Private Issuers’ SEC Filings on Earnings Management Strategies: IFRS Adopters versus U.S. GAAP Adopters, ' 臺大管理論叢, Vol.30, No.2, pp.71-134.(TSSCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 422210, Aug. 2020
2020 Chia-Ling Chao*;Shwu-Min Horng, 2020.06, 'CEO Tenure and Earnings Management: The Role of Internal Governance, ' 會計審計論叢, Vol.10, No.1, pp.39-77.(*為通訊作者), vol. 429069, Jun. 2020
2020 洪叔民;Wu, C-L*, 2020.03, 'How behaviors on social network sites and online social capital influence social commerce intentions, ' Information & Management, Vol.57, No.2, pp.xx-xx.(SSCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 422453, Mar. 2020
2019 Yu-Tzu Chang*;Chia-Ling Chao;Shwu-Min Horng, 2019.11, 'CEO Reputation and Audit Fees, ' 當代會計,.(TSSCI)(*為通訊作者)(本論著未刊登但已被接受), vol. 426867, Nov. 2019
2018 Shwu-Min Horng*;Chia-Ling Chao, 2018.01, 'How Risk Tolerance Constrains Perceived Risk on Smartphone Users' Risk Behavior, ' Information Technology-New Generations (Part of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing), Vol.558, pp.67-72.(EI, SCOPUS)(*為通訊作者), vol. 429023, Jan. 2018
2016 洪叔民*, 2016.12, 'A study of active and passive user participation in virtual communities, ' Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, Vol.17, No.4, pp.289-311.(SSCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 411533, Dec. 2016
2016 洪叔民*;李易諭;吳志倫, 2016.01, 'A Study of the paying behaviour for subscribing social network sites, ' Computer Communications, Vol.73, No.1, pp.282-290.(SCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 408347, Jan. 2016
2014 洪叔民*, 2014, '浩漢產品設計—設計業專案管理, ' 管理個案評論, Vol.5, No.1, pp.63-82.(光華管理個案資料庫)(*為通訊作者), vol. 406433, 2014
2014 洪叔民*, 2014, '地圖日記—如何發展 Web 2.0 社群網站, ' 管理個案評論, Vol.5, No.2, pp.49-66.(光華管理個案資料庫)(*為通訊作者), vol. 406432, 2014
2013 C. Chao;洪叔民*, 2013.08, 'Does the SEC''s Waiver of Reconciliation of IFRS to U.S. GAAP Improve Accounting Quality?, ' Accounting and Finance Journal, Vol.2, No.3, pp.78-97.(*為通訊作者), vol. 393953, Aug. 2013
2013 Chao, C.;洪叔民*, 2013.01, 'Asset Write-Offs Discretion and Accruals Management in Taiwan: The Role of Corporate Governance, ' Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Vol.40, No.1, pp.41-74.(, 國科會財管及會計A 級期刊)(*為通訊作者), vol. 363477, Jan. 2013
2012 洪叔民*, 2012.08, 'A Study of the Factors Influencing Users’ Decisions to Pay for Web 2.0 Subscription Services, ' Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, Vol.23, No.8, pp.891-912.(SSCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 364155, Aug. 2012
2012 洪叔民*;Lee, Y-Y;Wu, C-L, 2012.02, 'Applying a decomposed theory of planned behavior to study the intentions of paying behaviors in a virtual community, ' International Journal of Intelligent Information Processing, Vol.3, No.2, pp.15-22.(SCOPUS)(*為通訊作者), vol. 426868, Feb. 2012
2011 Chao, C-L;洪叔民*, 2011.10, 'An Examination of Long-Lived Asset Impairments: Write-Off Characteristics, Timeliness, and Market Reaction, ' Advances in Quantitative Analysis of Finance and Accounting, Vol.11, pp.113-146.(FLI (國科會財管及會計B 級期刊))(*為通訊作者), vol. 304853, Oct. 2011
2008 R. J., Kuo*;S. Horng;Y. Li;Y. C. Huang, 2008.08, 'Continuous genetic algorithm-based fuzzy neural network for learning fuzzy IF-THEN rules, ' Neurocomputing, Vol.71, No.13-15, pp.2893-2907.(SCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 235586, Aug. 2008
2007 S. Horng*;B. Wu;J. Liu;C. Chan;M. Lin;D. Lin, 2007.12, 'Air Macau Cargo: The Challenges a Regional Air Cargo Service, ' Management Review (管理評論), Vol.26, pp.109-133.(TSSCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 235572, Dec. 2007
2005 J. W. Fowler*;Kim, W. M.;W. M. Carlyle;E. Gel;S. Horng, 2005.01, 'Evaluating A Posteriori Solution Techniques for Bi-criteria Parallel Machine Scheduling Problems, ' Journal of Scheduling, Vol.8, No.1, pp.75-96.(EI, SCI)(*為通訊作者), vol. 194270, Jan. 2005
2004 C. Chao;R. Kelsey;S. Horng;C. Chiu, 2004.01, 'Evidence of earnings management from the measurement of the deferred tax allowance account, ' Engineering Economics, Vol.49, No.1, pp.63 - 92.(SCIE), vol. 163073, Jan. 2004
2003 C-Y Chiu;C-H Paul Liu;W-L Chou;S. Horng;R-J Ku, 2003.12, 'A Wafer Fabrication Dispatching Method for Minimizing Inventory Variability Using Fuzzy Inference, ' International Journal of Industrial Engineering, Vol.10, No.4, pp.621 - 627.(SCIE), vol. 163072, Dec. 2003
2003 J.W. Fowler;S. Horng;J.K. Cochran, 2003.09, 'A Hybridized Genetic Algorithm to Solve Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem with Sequence Dependent Setups, ' International Journal of Industrial Engineering, Vol.10, No.3, pp.232 - 243.(SCIE), vol. 163074, Sep. 2003
2003 J.K. Cochran;S. Horng;J.W. Fowler, 2003.07, 'A Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm to Solve Multi-objective Parallel Machines Scheduling Problems, ' Computers and Operations Research, Vol.30, No.7, pp.1087-1102.(SSCI), vol. 167850, Jul. 2003
2003 C. Chao;S. Horng, 2003.03, 'Development and Cost-Effective Applications of an Expert System for Improving Productivity: A Real-World Case Study, ' International Journal of Management, Vol.20, No.3, pp.360-376.(ABI), vol. 167862, Mar. 2003
2000 S. Horng;J.W. Fowler;L.K. Cochran, 2000.04, 'A Genetic Algorithms Approach to Manage Ion Implantation Processes in Wafer Fabrication, ' International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, Vol.1, No.2/3, pp.156-172.(SSCI), vol. 167876, Apr. 2000
1999 J.W. Fowler;J.K. Cochran;S. Horng, 1999.02, 'A Group-Technology Coded Literature Review of Semiconductor Manufacturing Publications: The MASMLAB Bibliography Web Site, ' IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, Vol.12, No.2, pp.259-263.(IEEE), vol. 167883, Feb. 1999
計畫類別 年度 計畫名稱 參與人 職稱/擔任之工作 計畫期間 補助/委託或合作機構
科技部 112 一個縱向研究調查中美貿易戰對台灣及中國半導體產業的影響(2/2) 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2024.08 ~ 2025.07 國科會
科技部 112 一個縱向研究調查中美貿易戰對台灣及中國半導體產業的影響(1/2) 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2023.08 ~ 2025.07 國科會
非科技部 112 國際高等人力培訓外籍生獎學金計畫-企業管理學系大學部全英語學程(第十八屆) 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2023.08 ~ 2027.07 財團法人國際合作發展基金會
非科技部 111 國際高等人力培訓外籍生獎學金計畫-企業管理學系大學部全英語學程(第十七屆) 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2022.08 ~ 2026.07 財團法人國際合作發展基金會
科技部 111 元宇宙 – 商業模式與使用者行為研究 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2022.08 ~ 2023.07 國科會
科技部 110 建立供應鏈韌性:從適應性結構理論的觀點 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2021.08 ~ 2023.07 國科會
非科技部 110 國際高等人力培訓外籍生獎學金計畫-企業管理學系大學部全英語學程(第十六屆) 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2021.08 ~ 2025.07 財團法人國際合作發展基金會
科技部 109 分析應用社群商務的網站並比較其影響使用社群網站的因素-從商業模式的視角 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2020.08 ~ 2022.01 國科會
非科技部 109 國際高等人力培訓外籍生獎學金計畫-企業管理學系大學部全英語學程(第十五屆) 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2020.08 ~ 2024.07 財團法人國際合作發展基金會
科技部 108 在社群網站上驅動瀏灠和發表社群商務意圖的因素有那些差異? 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2019.08 ~ 2021.07 國科會
科技部 102 研究社會認知對團購網路使用者的行為干擾作用 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2013.08 ~ 2015.02 國科會
科技部 99 應用Profile Monitoring分析網路使用並結合問卷調查網路服務之整合研究 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2010.08 ~ 2012.04 國科會
非科技部 99 服務科學研究中心主計畫(Succeeding through Service Excellence and Innovation with Service Science Part III) 苑守慈,張欣綠,苑守慈,洪叔民,黃國,張郁敏,蔡琰,連耀南,蔡子傑 子計畫計畫主持人 2010.07 ~ 2011.06 財團法人溫世仁文教基金會
非科技部 98 服務科學研究中心主計畫(Succeeding through Service Excellence and Innovation with Service Part II) 苑守慈,張欣綠,苑守慈,洪叔民,黃國,張郁敏,蔡琰,連耀南,蔡子傑 2009.01 ~ 2010.12 財團法人溫世仁文教基金會
非科技部 97 Web 2.0 網路服務地圖日記 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2008.12 ~ 2009.05 教育部
非科技部 97 休閒農業資訊全方位整合網站品質提升計畫 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2008.04 ~ 2008.11 財團法人台灣農業資訊科技發展協會
非科技部 97 服務科學研究中心子計畫-5 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2008.04 ~ 2009.09 財團法人溫世仁文教基金會
非科技部 96 專案管理-以設計業為例 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2007.12 ~ 2008.05 教育部
科技部 95 生產管理的新思維-功能單元生產系統 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2006.08 ~ 2007.09 國科會
科技部 94 階段式之多目標專案管理系統(作業研究) 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2005.08 ~ 2006.07 國科會
科技部 93 應用模擬及基因演算法以解決具有儲存空間限制的生產規劃產品混合問題 洪叔民 計畫主持人 2004.08 ~ 2005.08 國科會
國家 學校名稱 系所 學位 期間
美國 亞利桑那州立大學 工業工程(學)系 博士 1994.09 ~ 1998.12
美國 美國德州大學 工業工程(學)系 碩士 1991.09 ~ 1993.06
台灣,中華民國 國立成功大學 工業設計(學)系 學士 1984.09 ~ 1988.06
經歷類別 服務機關名稱 單位 職務 期間
校內本職 政治大學 企業管理學系 教授 2020.08 ~ 迄今
校內本職 政治大學 企業管理學系 副教授 2019.02 ~ 2020.08
校內本職 政治大學 企業管理學系 副教授 2018.08 ~ 2018.08
校內本職 政治大學 企業管理學系 副教授 2013.01 ~ 2017.08
校內本職 政治大學 企業管理學系 副教授 2012.08 ~ 2013.01
校內本職 政治大學 企業管理學系 助理教授 2004.08 ~ 2012.08
校內兼職 政治大學 企業管理學系 系主任 2023.08 ~ 2024.07
類別 年度 獎項名稱 頒獎單位
校外 105 崇越論文博士組最優論文獎(指導老師) 台灣管理學會
年度 論文名稱
2023 Chao, C-L;洪叔民*;Yu, Yi-Fu;Chang, Yuan-Yao, 2023.06, 'CEO Turnover and Firm Innovation: The Role of Supply Chain Knowledge, ' DRUID23, Copenhagen Business School.(*為通訊作者), Jun. 2023
2022 洪叔民*;Chao, C-L, 2022.05, 'Do Auditors Respond to Media Coverage of New CEOs?, ' 44th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association, European Accounting Association.(*為通訊作者), May. 2022
2019 Chao, C.*;Horng, S., 2019.12, 'CEO Succession, Audit Pricing, and Firm Value: The Role of Supply Chain Knowledge, ' The 10th TJAR Conference, The Japanese Accounting Review.(*為通訊作者), Dec. 2019
2018 Chao, C.*;Horng, S. M., 2018.05, 'CEO tenure, internal governance, and earnings management, ' European Accounting Association Annual Congress, European Accounting Association.(*為通訊作者), May. 2018
2018 Yang, P-T*;Yang, K-H;Chen, C-C;Horng, S. M., 2018.02, 'Subjective association rule mining: from point-based ranking sequence to interval-based temporal sequence, '.(*為通訊作者), Feb. 2018
2016 洪叔民;吳至倫*;梁定澎, 2016.06, 'How behaviors on social network sites and online social capital influence social commerce: The case of Facebook, ' PACIS 2016, College of Management, National Chung Cheng University.(*為通訊作者), Jun. 2016
2016 Chao, C.*;洪叔民, 2016.01, 'The valuation effects of accrual-based earnings management and real activities manipulation associated with the elimination of the form 20-F reconciliation requirement, ' Proceedings of 2016 Financial Accounting and Reporting Section Midyear Meeting, American Accounting Association, pp.TBD.(SCOPUS)(*為通訊作者), Jan. 2016
2015 洪叔民*, 2015.07, 'Investigating the moderating effect of social identity on group buying purchase intention, ' Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on E-learning, E-business, Enterprise Information Systems, & E-government, WORLDCOMP, pp.38-44.(*為通訊作者), Jul. 2015
2014 洪叔民*, 2014.07, 'A Study of Poster and Viewer Participation in SNS, ' Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government, World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Applied Computing, pp.152-168.(Inspec)(*為通訊作者), Jul. 2014
2013 洪叔民*;柯淑芬;揚昇翰, 2013.12, '雲端儲存服務的發展與未來--以台達電雲端儲存服務為例, ' 第十九屆服務業管理研討會論文集, 政大企管系, pp.3-1 - 3-31.(*為通訊作者), Dec. 2013
2013 洪叔民*, 2013.07, 'A comparative study of multiple social network sites based on Google analytics data, ' Proceedings of EEE14'', Harvard University, MIT, and others, pp.125-131.(*為通訊作者), Jul. 2013
2011 洪叔民;Lee, Y-Y;Wu, C-L, 2011.12, 'Applying a decomposed theory of planned behavior to study the paying behaviors of a virtual community, ' Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advanced Information Management and Service, IEEE.(IEEE), Dec. 2011
2010 洪叔民*, 2010.04, 'Analysis of Users’ Behavior on Web 2.0 Social Network Sites: An Empirical Study, ' Proceedings of ITNG 2010, IEEE Computer Society, pp.454-459.(EI, IEEE)(*為通訊作者), Apr. 2010
2010 洪叔民*, 2010.04, 'Analysis of Users’ Behavior on Web 2.0 Social Network Sites: An Empirical Study, ' Proceedings of ITNG 2010, IEEE Computer Society, pp.454-459.(IEEE)(*為通訊作者), Apr. 2010
2009 韓志翔*;劉純婷;洪叔民, 2009.12, '浩漢設計(NOVA)-國際化歷程, ' 第十五屆服務業管理個案集, 國立政治大學企管系, pp.˙7-1 ~ 7-34.(*為通訊作者), Dec. 2009
2009 洪叔民*;吳至倫, 2009.09, 'Study of the factors influencing users’ decisions to pay for the subscriptions and transactions at web 2.0 services, ' Proceedings of The 2009 International Conference on Innovation and Management, 產業電子化運籌管理學會.(EI)(*為通訊作者), Sep. 2009
2009 洪叔民*, 2009.04, 'The behavior and preferences of users on web 2.0 social network sites: An empirical study, ' Proceedings of ITNG 2009, IEEE Computer Society, pp.E1-E6.(EI, IEEE)(*為通訊作者), Apr. 2009
2008 洪叔民*, 2008.11, '網路服務的創新-以地圖日記為例, ' 第十四屆服務業管理個案集, pp.5-1 ~ 5-47.(*為通訊作者), Nov. 2008
2008 Chao, C. L.*;洪叔民, 2008.08, 'An examination of SFAS No. 144: The likelihood of asset impairment recognition, write-off characteristics, and market reaction, ' Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Accounting Association, American Accounting Association.(*為通訊作者), Aug. 2008
2008 Chao, C. L.*;洪叔民, 2008.04, 'The likelihood of asset impairment recognition, write-off characteristics, and market reaction to write-off announcements: Evidence from the U.S, ' Proceedings of the 31st Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association, European Accounting Association.(*為通訊作者), Apr. 2008
2007 洪叔民*, 2007.11, '教育服務的發展與創新-以實踐大學工業設計系為例, ' 第十三屆服務業管理個案集, 政治大學企管系.(*為通訊作者), Nov. 2007
2007 C. Chao*;洪叔民, 2007.11, 'An Examinatin of SFAS No. 144: The Likelihood of Asset Impairment Recognition, Write-Off Characteristics, and Market Reaction, ' Accounting Theory and Practice Conference, 中華會計學會.(*為通訊作者), Nov. 2007
2007 洪叔民*, 2007.08, 'A study of labor assignment in cellular manufacturing system, ' Proceedings of the International Conference on Production Research, International Fundation of Production Research.(*為通訊作者), Aug. 2007
2006 洪叔民*;陳國祥;周凌峰, 2006.12, '設計產業的發展與未來-以浩漢設計為例, ' 第十二屆服務業管理個案集, 國立政治大學企管系, pp.8~1-8~30.(*為通訊作者), Dec. 2006
2006 洪叔民*, 2006.07, 'A Stage-Based Human Resource Allocation Procedure for Project Management with Multiple Objectives, ' Proceedings of PMI Research Conference, PMI, pp.1-12.(*為通訊作者), Jul. 2006
2005 洪叔民*;張毓欣;游森楨, 2005.12, '問業的發展與未來-以前進國際為例, ' 第十一屆服務業管理個案集, 國立政治大學企管系, pp.4~1 - 4~33.(*為通訊作者), Dec. 2005
2005 S. Horng*;C. Chao, 2005.08, 'Using Simulations to Develop CONWIP/EPQ Systems for a Production with Limited Storage Space, ' Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Production Research, International Fundation for Production Research, pp.CD-ROM.(*為通訊作者), Aug. 2005
2004 杜壯;洪叔民*;段繼忠, 2004.12, '服務失敗與復原機制在台灣電影映放業之研究-以台北信義華納威秀影城為例, ' 第十屆服務業管理個案集, 國立政治大學企管系, pp.24-54.(*為通訊作者), Dec. 2004
2004 洪叔民;蔡緒輝;田淑文, 2004.11, '應用模擬建構動態生產控制系統-以生技產業為例, ' 第一屆台灣作業研究學會學術研討會暨2004年科技與管理學術研討會 - CD-ROM, 台灣作業研究學會., Nov. 2004
2003 S. Horng, 2003.11, 'Dynamic production control systems – A Case Study, ' The 8th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering Theory, Applications & Practice - CD-ROM, International Journal of Industrial Engineering., Nov. 2003
2003 洪叔民;蔡緒輝, 2003.10, '以動態生產控制建構生產繁殖系統, ' The International Conference on Technology and Management with Special Symposium on Advanced Interactive Systems - CD-ROM, National Taipei University of Technology., Oct. 2003
2000 C. Chao;S. Horng, 2000.11, 'Development and cost-effective applications of expert systems for improving the productivity of organizations, ' Information Technologies in Accounting, American Accounting Association, pp.1-21., Nov. 2000
1999 S. Horng, 1999.10, 'Multiobjective Scheduling of Ion Implantation Processes, ' INFORMS Annual Meeting, INFORMS., Oct. 1999
1999 J.K. Cochran;S. Horng;J.W. Fowler, 1999.08, 'A Overviews of a New Class of Genetic Algorithm for the M Identical Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem, ' Proceedings of the third International Conference on Engineering Design and Automation, pp.230-237., Aug. 1999
1998 S. Horng;J.W. Fowler;J.K. Cochran, 1998.12, 'Using Genetic Algorithms to Manage Ion Implantation Processes in Wafer Fabrication, ' TECHCON, Semiconductor Research Corporation, pp.254., Dec. 1998
1998 S. Horng;J.W. Fowler;J.K. Cochran, 1998.07, 'Using Genetic Algorithms to Solve Scheduling Problem in Wafer Fabrication, ' Automation., Jul. 1998
年度 名稱 發表日期 全部作者
2009 洪叔民, 2009, '網路服務 - 以地圖日記為例 - 結案報告, ' 教育部.
2009 洪叔民, 2009, 'New Service Development for Web 2.0 in the context of U-Taiwan, ' 溫世仁文教基金會.
2008 洪叔民, 2008, '專案管理–以設計業為例 - 結案報告, ' 教育部.
2008 洪叔民, 2008, '休閒農業資訊全方位整合網站品質提升計畫-結案報告, ' 財團法人台灣農業資訊科技發展協會.
2007 洪叔民*, 2007, 'A New Concept of Production Management – Functional Cellular Production Systems, ' NSC.(*為通訊作者)
2006 洪叔民*, 2006, 'Implementing Information Technology into Enterprises by Phase Project Management ─ the Case of ERP, ' NSC.(*為通訊作者)
2005 洪叔民, 2005.10, 'NSC Project Report: Using Simulation and Genetic Algorithms to Solve Product Mix Problems in Production Control with Limited Storage Space, ' NSC. 2005-10-01
2004 S. Horng, 2004.10, 'NSC Project Report: A Dynamic Production Control System Using CONWIP and EPQ – A Case Study, ' NSC. 2004-10-01
2004 C.Y. Chiu;Y. Lee;C. Tu;T. Lai;R. Kuo;S. Horng, 2004.01, 'Final Report: International Research Program - Advanced Interactive Systems Integration and Management, ' Ministry of Education. 2004-01-01
2004 C.Y. Chiu;S. Horng, 2004.01, 'NSC project report: A Fuzzy Expert System for Wafer Fabrication Bottleneck Machine Dispatching, ' NSC. 2004-01-01
2003 S. Horng, 2003.10, 'NSC Project Report: Multiple Population Genetic Algorithms to Solve Parallel Machine Scheduling Problems with Multiple Objectives, ' NSC. 2003-10-01